Ngubani unkulunkulu wokufa?
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Isikhathi sokufunda 4 imiz
Wake wazibuza ukuthi ubani Nkulunkulu Wokufa Ingabe kuseMythology yamaGreki? Impendulo ingase ikumangaze. Ithempeli lamaGreki ligcwele onkulunkulu abathakazelisayo, futhi uNkulunkulu Wokufa unjalo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola umuntu wasenganekwaneni olawula ukuphila kwangemva kokufa kanye nezindaba ezimzungezile. Asicwilise phakathi.
Inganekwane YamaGreki: Uhlolojikelele
Ngaphambi kokuthi sijule kuNkulunkulu Wokufa, kubalulekile ukuba nokuqonda okuyisisekelo kweMythology yamaGreki. AmaGreki ayekholelwa equlwini lonkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi ababebusa izici ezihlukahlukene zokuphila. Laba nkulunkulu babefanekiselwa njengabantu kodwa benamandla namakhono angaphezu kwawemvelo.
AmaGreki adala izinganekwane ukuchaza izenzakalo zemvelo, ukuziphatha komuntu, kanye nemvelaphi yezwe. Lezi zindaba zadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane futhi zaba ingxenye ebalulekile yesiko lamaGreki.
Ubani uNkulunkulu Wokufa?
UNkulunkulu Wokufa Ezinganekwaneni ZamaGreki yiHayidesi. Ungumbusi wezwe elingaphansi komhlaba kanye nokuphila ngemva kokufa, owaziwa nangokuthi indawo yabafileyo. IHayidesi yindodana ka Cronus futhi Rhea, okumenza umfowabo kaZeus noPoseidon. Ngemva kokunqoba kwawo amaTitans, uZeus, uPoseidon, neHayidesi benza inkatho yokunquma ukuthi ubani owayezobusa iyiphi ingxenye yendawo yonke. IHayidese yadonsa utshani obufushane kakhulu futhi yaba umbusi wezwe elingaphansi komhlaba.
IHayidesi ivame ukuvezwa njengomuntu onyanyekayo, egutshuzelwe ubumnyama, futhi ephelezelwa inja yakhe enamakhanda amathathu, uCerberus. Akavezwa njengomuntu omubi noma onesihluku kodwa kunalokho ovezwa njengomuntu ongenandaba nobusa abafileyo ngokungakhethi.
Izindaba Nezimpawu ZeHayidesi
IHayidese inezindaba ezimbalwa ezinikezelwe kuye, futhi akavamile ukuxhumana nabantu abafayo. Enye yezinganekwane ezidume kakhulu ngaye ukuthunjwa kwePersephone. IHayidese ithandana noPersephone, indodakazi kaDemeter, futhi imyisa endaweni engaphansi ukuze abe yindlovukazi yakhe. UDemeter udabukile futhi ubangela indlala eMhlabeni kuze kube yilapho uZeus engenela futhi ahlele ukuthi i-Persephone ichithe izinyanga eziyisithupha zonyaka neHayidesi nezinyanga eziyisithupha nonina emhlabeni. Le ndaba ichaza ukushintsha kwezinkathi zonyaka, ubusika bumele izinyanga ezichithwa yiPersephone endaweni engaphansi komhlaba.
Izimpawu zeHayidesi zihlobene nendima yakhe njengombusi wezwe elingaphansi. Isigqoko sakhe sokuzivikela simenza angabonakali, futhi udondolo lwakhe lungadala ukuzamazama komhlaba. Unkulunkulu wokufa ubuye ahlotshaniswe nengcebo, njengoba amaminerali ayigugu evela emhlabeni. Kwezinye izinganekwane, iHayidesi livezwa njengejaji, elikala imiphefumulo yabafileyo futhi linquma isiphetho sabo ekuphileni kwangemva kokufa.
UNkulunkulu Wokufa Enganekwaneni YamaGreki yiHayidesi, umbusi wezwe elingaphansi kanye nokuphila kwangemva kokufa. Ukuvezwa kwakhe kuvame ukufana nomuntu odangele, futhi akavamile ukuvezwa njengomubi noma ononya. IHayidesi lihlotshaniswa nezimpawu ezifana nesigqoko sokuzivikela, induku, nengcebo, futhi unezindaba ezimbalwa ezinikezelwe kuye. Ukuthunjwa kwePersephone kungenye yezinganekwane ezidume kakhulu ngeHayidesi futhi kuchaza ukushintsha kwezinkathi zonyaka.
Izinganekwane zamaGrikhi ligcwele onkulunkulu abathakazelisayo, futhi iHayidesi limane lingomunye kwabaningi. Ngokuqonda lezi zinganekwane, singakwazi ukuqonda amasiko nezinkolelo zamaGreki asendulo. Sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko siye sanelise inhloso yakho yosesho futhi sikunikeze ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana noNkulunkulu Wokufa kanye Nezinganekwane ZamaGreki.
Zuza Emandleni Onkulunkulu BamaGreki futhi Xhuma kubo Ngeziqalo
Ukufa eGreece Yasendulo
Ukufa eGreece Yasendulo: Uhambo Olungaphezu Kwabaphilayo
Ukufa eGreece Yasendulo kwakungesona isiphetho nje, kodwa uguquko. Esekelwe ezinganekwaneni zawo ezicebile namasiko, amaGreki ayebheka ukufa njengendlela yokudlulela kwenye indawo futhi egcina imikhuba eyinkimbinkimbi yokuhlonipha umufi. Izinkolelo zabo nemikhuba ephathelene nokufa zinikeza ukuqonda okujulile kokuthi babekuqonda kanjani ukuphila, ukuphila kwangemva kokufa, nokulinganisela okubucayi phakathi kwakho kokubili.
Ukuphila, Ukufa, Nokuphila Ngemva Kokufa
AmaGreki asendulo ayekholelwa ukuthi lapho umuntu esefile, umphefumulo wakhe wawuhlukana nemizimba yakhe futhi uye endaweni engaphansi, ebuswa unkulunkulu iHayidesi. Leli zwe elingaphansi, elivame ukubizwa ngokuthi 'iHayidesi' futhi, laliyindawo enomthunzi lapho imiphefumulo, eyaziwa ngokuthi 'imithunzi,' yayihlala khona. Nokho, akuyona yonke imiphefumulo eyabhekana nesiphetho esifanayo. Labo ababephila izimpilo ezinhle bavuzwa ngokuthula kwaphakade e-Elysian Fields, ipharadesi elingaphakathi kwezwe elingaphansi. Ngokuphambene, imiphefumulo eyenza ububi obukhulu yayibhekana nesijeziso esingapheli eTharthasi, kwalasha ojulile wokuhlushwa.
Imikhuba Yokudlula
Isikhathi sokufa sasikhathaza kakhulu amaGreki. Lapho efa, uhlamvu lwemali lwaluvame ukufakwa emlonyeni kamufi, inkokhelo eya kuCharon, umkhumbi owawelisa imiphefumulo yawela umfula iStyx iyisa ezweni elingaphansi. Lo mkhuba wawuqinisekisa ukuthi umufi udlula ngendlela ephephile.
Izinqubo zomngcwabo zazibaluleke ngokufanayo. Izidumbu zazigezwa, zigcotshwe futhi zihlotshiswe ngezingubo ezinhle. Abesifazane abalilayo babevame ukucula izililo, kuyilapho kuqhutshwa udwendwe lokuhlonipha umufi. Ngemva komngcwabo, kwaba nedili. Le mikhuba yasebenza kokubili njengokuvalelisa kwabangasekho kanye nohlobo lwe-catharsis lwabaphilayo.
Izikhumbuzo Nezikhumbuzo
Izimpawu zamathuna nezikhumbuzo ezibizwa ngokuthi 'ama-steles' zazivame ukumiswa ukuze kukhunjulwe abafileyo. Lawa ayeqoshwe ngokuyinkimbinkimbi, ngokuvamile ebonisa izigcawu zokuphila komuntu oshonile noma izimpawu ezihlobene nokufa. Lezi zikhumbuzo bezingezona nje ezokuhlonipha abangasekho kodwa bezikhombisa isimo sabo emphakathini kanye nokubahlonipha komndeni.
Ukufa Kwezincwadi Nefilosofi
Imibhalo yamaGreki, ikakhulukazi izinhlekelele, yahlola kabanzi izingqikithi zokufa. Izazi zefilosofi, nazo, zajula encazelweni nemithelela yokufa. Ngokwesibonelo, uSocrates wayebheka ukufa njengokukhulula umzimba wenyama, okuvumela umphefumulo ukuba uthole ukuphila okuphakeme.
Ekuphetheni, ukufa eGreece yasendulo kwakuhlangene nesizinda sokuphila kwansuku zonke, okuthonya ubuciko, izincwadi, nomqondo wefilosofi. Akwesatshwanga noma kwagwenywa kodwa kwamukelwa njengesigaba esingenakugwenywa, esiguqulayo ebukhoneni bomuntu. Ngokuqonda imibono yabo kanye nemikhuba ephathelene nokufa, singathola ukuqonda okubalulekile mayelana nokwazisa okujulile kwamaGreki asendulo ngokuphila kanye nezimfihlakalo ezingalé kwalokho.
